Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

What is Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)?

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that most commonly develops after an injury or trauma such as a fracture, surgery, sprain/strain, burn, cut, casting, nerve injury, etc. CRPS most often affects the arms or legs, though symptoms can sometimes spread to other areas of the body. CRPS can be best explained by a change in the nervous system described as central sensitization (see above for further information on central sensitization). A CRPS diagnosis is often classified into two subtypes, based on symptoms that occur with or without nerve damage. 

How do I know if my child has CRPS?

Symptoms vary from person to person and can also change over time. 

Some common signs include:

• Persistent pain that seems disproportionate to the original injury

• Increased pain in response to painful stimulus and/or pain in response to non-painful stimulus

• Swelling

• Redness

• Temperature differences between limbs

• Changes in skin color or texture

• Excessive or decreased sweating

• Changes in hair or nail growth

• Reduced range of motion or joint stiffness

• Muscle spasms, tremors, or weakness

• Difficulty moving the affected body part

• “Mirror pain” occurring in the opposite limb

How can Physical Therapy help with CRPS?

The primary goal of therapy is to help patients regain function, improve mobility, and reduce pain while preventing further complications.

Treatment focuses on improving range of motion and maintaining joint and muscle flexibility to prevent joint stiffness, muscle tightening, and additional nerve irritation leading to further pain. Gentle, guided strengthening exercises help improve overall function and encourage healthy blood flow to the affected limb, which is essential for recovery and healing.

Treatment may also include a variety of techniques to help manage pain and improve tolerance to movement. This includes desensitization techniques, hot and cold therapy, mirror therapy, TENS, biofeedback, and more. 

Through these treatments patients can regain confidence and safely return to daily activities and focus on being a kid.